Life and Art of Eva Hesse, Postmodern Sculpture Pioneer

Eva Hesse was a German-American artist known for her work as a postmodern sculptor and draughtswoman. Her work is characterized by a willingness to experiment with material and form, fashioning work from latex, string, fiber glass, and rope. Though she died at the age of thirty-four, Hesse has had a lasting impact on American art as a radical voice that pushed the New York art world into an era beyond Abstract Expressionism and stark Minimalism, the dominant art movements at the time she was working in the 1960s. Fast Facts: Eva Hesse Occupation:  Artist, sculptor, draughtswomanKnown for:  Experimenting with materials such as latex, string, fiber glass, and ropeEducation: Pratt Institute of Design, Cooper Union, Yale University (B.A.)Born:  January 11, 1936 in Hamburg, GermanyDied:  May 29, 1970 in New York, New York Early Life Eva Hesse was born in Hamburg, Germany in 1936 to a secular Jewish family. At the age of two, she and her older sister were put on a train to the Netherlands in order to escape the increasing threat of the Nazi party in Germany following Kristallnacht. For six months, they lived in a Catholic orphanage without their parents. As Hesse was a sickly child, she was in and out of the hospital, with not even her older sister for company. Once reunited, the family escaped to England, where they lived for several months, before they were miraculously able to sail to the United States in 1939, on one of the last boats of refugees welcomed on American shores. Settling in New York did not spell peace for the Hesse family, however. Hesse’s father, a lawyer in Germany, trained and was able to work as an insurance broker, but her mother had trouble adjusting to life in the United States. As a manic depressive, she was frequently hospitalized and eventually left Hesse’s father for another man. Following the divorce, young Hesse never saw her mother again, and she later committed suicide in 1946, when Eva was ten years old. The chaos of her early life characterizes the trauma Hesse would endure throughout her life, with which she would wrestle in therapy for her entire adult life. Eva’s father married a woman also named Eva, the strangeness of which was not lost on the young artist. The two women did not see eye to eye, and Hesse left for art school at the age of sixteen. She dropped out of the Pratt Institute less than a year later, fed up with its mindless traditional teaching style, where she was forced to paint uninspired still life after uninspired still life. Still a teenager, she was forced to move back home, where she got a part time job at Seventeen magazine and began taking classes at the Art Students’ League. Hesse decided to take the entrance exam for the Cooper Union, passed, and attended the school for a year before moving on to get her BFA at Yale, where she studied under renowned painter and color theorist Josef Albers. Friends who knew Hesse at Yale remembered her to be his star student. Though she did not enjoy the program, she stayed until graduation in 1959. Return to Germany In 1961, Hesse married sculptor Tom Doyle. Described as equally â€Å"passionate† people, their marriage was not an easy one. Reluctantly, Hesse moved back to her native Germany with her husband in 1964, as he was awarded a fellowship there. While in Germany, Hesses art practice matured into what would become her best known work. She began using string in her sculpture, a material which resonated with her, as it was the most practical way of translating the lines of drawing into three dimensions. Critical Success Upon returning to the United States in 1965, Hesse began to hit her stride as a critically successful artist. The year 1966 saw two landmark group shows in which she exhibited: â€Å"Stuffed Expressionism† at Graham Gallery, and â€Å"Eccentric Abstraction† curated by Lucy R. Lippard at Fischbach Gallery. Her work was singled out and critically praised in both shows. (1966 also saw the dissolution of her marriage to Doyle through separation.) The next year Hesse was given her first solo show at Fischbach, and was included in the Warehouse Show, â€Å"9 at Leo Castelli† along with fellow Yale alumnus Richard Serra. She was the only woman artist among the nine to be given the honor. Artistic Milieu in New York City Hesse worked in a milieu of similarly-minded artists in New York, many of whom she called her friends. Nearest and dearest to her, however, was sculptor Sol LeWitt, eight years her senior, who she called one of the two people â€Å"who really know and trust me.† The two artists equally exchanged influence and ideas, perhaps the most famous example of which is LeWitt’s letter to Hesse, encouraging her to quit distracting herself with insecurity and just â€Å"DO.† Months after her death, LeWitt dedicated the first of his famous wall drawings using â€Å"not straight† lines to his late friend. Art In her own words, the closest summation Hesse managed to come up with to describe her work was â€Å"chaos structured as non-chaos,† as in sculptures that contained within them randomness and confusion, presented within structured scaffolding. â€Å"I want to extend my art into something that doesn’t exist,† she said, and though conceptualism was gaining popularity in the art world, critic Lucy Lippard says that Hesse was not interested in the movement as â€Å"material meant much too much to her.† The creation of â€Å"non-shapes,† as Hesse termed them, was one way to bridge the gap between her dedication to direct touch, investment in material, and abstract thinking.   Her use of unconventional materials like latex has sometimes meant that her work is difficult to preserve. Hesse said that, just as â€Å"life doesn’t last, art doesn’t last.† Her art attempted to â€Å"dismantle the center† and destabilize the â€Å"life force† of existence, departing from the stability and predictability of minimalist sculpture. Her work was a deviation from the norm and as a result has had an indelible impact on sculpture today, which uses many of the looping and asymmetrical constructions that she pioneered.   Legacy Hesse developed a brain tumor at the age of thirty-three and died in May 1970 at the age of thirty-four. Though Hesse did not live to participate in it, the women’s movement of the 1970s championed her work as a female artist and ensured her lasting legacy as a pioneer in the American art world. In 1972, the Guggenheim in New York staged a posthumous retrospective of her work, and in 1976 feminist critic and essayist Lucy R. Lippard published Eva Hesse, a monograph on the artist’s work and the first full length book to be published on virtually any American artist of the 1960s. It was organized by LeWitt and Hesse’s sister, Helen Charash. Tate Modern staged a retrospective of her work from 2002-2003. Sources Blanton Museum of Art (2014). Lucy Lippard Lecture on Eva Hesse. [video] Available at: https://www.youtube.com/watch?vV50g8spJrp8t2511s. (2014).Kort, C. and Sonneborn, L. (2002).  A to Z of American Women in the Visual Arts. New York: Facts on File, Inc. 93-95.Lippard, L. (1976). Eva Hesse. Cambridge, MA: Da Capo Press.Nixon, M. (2002). Eva Hesse. Cambridge, MA: MIT Press.

Causes And Consequences Of Climate Change - 858 Words

Years have passed and the question many people have avoided when asked over a decade is, are severe greenhouse gases affecting the plant diversity in our ecosystem and other factors? That could not only affect our plants ecosystem but the human race as we speak. As the years transgressed, humanity began to realize the harmful actions society had incorporated towards a conspiracy people allowed to become a floating thought. However, action by earth’s inhabitants was redundant by those whom warned the naà ¯ve of the repercussions at an early stage. This being said climate change is present and has now projected an increase in the cause of diseases as well as death, habitat changes for plants, and severe storms along with hurricanes that will continue to deteriorate the planet. Climate change is present in Earth due to the greenhouse gases that are held or trapped in heat in the atmosphere by absorbing infrared radiation and emitting it back in high amounts, causing global warming among other factors that contribute to it; such as, the burning of fossil fuels and the industrial revolution. Due to these actions, society will begin to face an increase in diseases in different regions that will mostly affect those that face poverty, the elderly, and children. Slowly those diseases will also lead to the death of many people due to the temperature that continues to rise. According to the Center of Disease Control and Prevention, â€Å"elevated temperatures in the 2003 European heatShow MoreRelatedCauses And Consequences Of Climate Change883 Words   |  4 PagesClimate change is happening, slowly but surely. Our earth is warming and the evidence is clear. Rising global temperatures have been displayed through floods, droughts, or intense rain in parts of the world. As we have established earlier, Climate change refers to any significant change in the measures of climate lasting for an extended period of time. In other words, climate change includes major changes in temperature, precipitation, or wind patterns, among other effects, that occur over severalRead MoreCauses And Consequences Of Climate Change1334 Words   |  6 PagesCauses of Climate change Climate change is an issue that is of major concern all around the world. Climate change should be a major concern right now and countries around the world need to implement changes to help improve the current conditions. Countries like the U.S. should set an example for everyone else by enforcing strict regulations on emissions and investing in clean energy sources to prevent further pollution of the planet and extreme weather cases directly linked to climate change. ThereRead MoreThe Causes and Consequences of Climate Change Essay2064 Words   |  9 Pageslet out, or vice versa, there will be global climate changes. Earth’s carbon levels have followed a natural cycle throughout the past 800,000 years where the carbon dioxide concentration varied from 180 ppm (parts per million) and 280 ppm which resulted in several changes in the environment.. In the grand scheme of Earth, these changes are miniscule and have stayed within the natural cycle. But when looking through the eyes of humans, these changes are drastic causing ice ages, draughts, and rainRead MoreClimate Change And Its Consequences Essay1504 Words   |  7 PagesClimate Change and Its Consequences for Humanity Climate Change is one of the most significant international problems of the XXI century on a planetary scale. The rapid growth of the overall dynamics of disasters is observed in recent decades and causes particular concerns. Climate change that is happening by natural means is accompanied by global warming caused by ill-conceived human activities. Climate change is not a simple increase of temperature. The term global climate change hasRead MoreThe Effects Of Climate Change On The Environment906 Words   |  4 PagesClimate is consistent behavior of temperature, precipitation, humidity, atmospheric pressure and other related environmental factors. Around the globe, temperature a re climbing, sea levels are rising, and season are changing, which means that climate change is transforming our Earth. Climate change indicates negative consequences on the impact to humanity and on the factors of the climate system. By climate change the most endangered is atmosphere, because it changes the composition of uncontrolledRead MoreProblems Related to Climate Change Essay examples1267 Words   |  6 PagesClimate change has been a topic of concern for humanity over the past two decades. In my opinion, it is the best example of the consequences of our actions on our planet. Most countries have taken some efforts and precautions to save the Earth from experiencing further damage. Decline of forests and global warming has affected our lives in more ways than one and in the future, the Earth and its inhabitants might see a more crucial period in their lives, if we neglect this issue. At this point inRead MoreThe Effects of Climate Change: Agriculture and Livestock1078 Words   |  5 Pages Climate change is one of the major issues surfacing earth over the past century. The earth’s temperature has increased over the years leading to detrimental effects on the economic and life sources of people, especially that of agricultural production and livestock. The Merriam-Webster online dictionary (2014), defined climate change as a change in global climate patterns apparent from the mid late 20th century. The Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change, IPCC, (2007) predicts that by 2100Read MoreGlobal Warming: Contemporary Issues Companion1526 Words   |  7 PagesIn January 200l the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), a group of scientific experts assembled by the United Nations, released a frightening report on the potential consequences of the climate phenomenon known as global warming. The panel found that the 1990s had been the warmest decade on record and predicted that temperatures will rise anywhere from 2.5 to 10.4 degrees around the world over the next century, causing changes to global weather patterns. Indeed, unusual and frequentlyRead MoreA Recipe For Major Security Problems891 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"If we do not change our negative habits toward climate change, we can count on worldwide disruptions in food production, resulting in mass migration, refugee crises and increased conflict over scarce natural resources like water and farm land. This is a recipe for major security problems† Michael Franti. Nevertheless climate change has been an ongoing under addressed problem the world continues to face. If climate change continues it will result in seriously fatal problems such as economic lossRead MoreGlobal Warming And Its Effects1544 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Global warming is the term used to describe a gradual increase in the average temperature of the Earth’s atmosphere and its oceans, a change that is believed to be permanently changing the Earth’s climate.† (â€Å"Global Warmin g †¦ Effects†). We have been witnessing the change in Earth’s climate since past few years, and we are well aware of the consequences of climate change as well. Global warming has managed to list itself as one of the biggest problem in the world, and according to the researchers and

Service Marketing for Eco Lodge or Eco Hotels - MyAssignmenthelp

Question: Discuss about theService Marketingfor Eco Lodge or Eco Hotels. Answer: Introduction Eco lodge or eco hotels are the place of accommodation for the tourists that is made to minimise the impact on the local environment of a tourist destination. The main purpose of the eco loges are to ensure that all the guest and tourist are able to leave in a healthy and comfortable environment that is eco-friendly. Generally the hotels which are present in the Jungle or forest regions originally described as equal Lodges as they use environment friendly techniques to build the overall structure of the hotel. The current report aims to analyse the market of Spicy Villa which one of the popular equalizers located in Thailand. The target market for the Eco lodge along with the risk that are involved in the business process and marketing mix elements are provided in this report. Finally proper mode of recommendations are also mentioned within this report that helps in the mode of recovery and business policies of better marketing with the Eco lodge that will help in the overall process of improvement if business. Target Market Description and Segmentation Criteria According to Kotler et al., (2015), the segmentation of market is an important step in the overall business policy that help organisation to divide the population of a region and also identify the potential customer groups based on the type of service and product they are offering. The spicy Villa Eco lodge also needs to identify the potential customers in order to provide better quality service in their business. As more number of people is becoming aware about the importance of protecting the environment, the target market for the Eco lodges like the Spicy Villa is increasing that in turn will provide good and healthy business opportunity. Thailand is considered to be one of the most popular tourist destinations for all across the people in the world. There is no age barrier in the customer groups as all types of tourist visit in the Jungle areas of Thailand. However due to the fact that it is highly expensive to maintain the Eco Lodges it is only possible for the economically higher section of the society to afford the price of staying in spicy Villa (Baker et al., 2014). Hence, the target market for the organisation includes only the richer section of the society. As the Eco Lodges extract the environment friendly tourist it is important for the management of Spicy Villa to target customers with high level of environment consciousness. The forest areas are perfect for the tourists, who visit in large groups. Hence it is important for the spicy Villa Eco lodge to mainly target families with large number of members. The spicy Villa can also target the tourists who are employed in various environment departments and forest departments which will help them to attract the interest among the nature lovers. Hence, with the overall criteria of market segmentation, it is possible for the Spicy Villa to increase the range of their business and also increase their popularity among all the potential customers. Key Types of Perceived Risks Fernandez and Garcia (2016), have mentioned the importance of the proper risk assessment techniques that is an important part of all the business process. There are various types of risks that can be encountered by a business organization and hence it is important for them to identify during the time of marketing plan that will help them to reduce the adverse effect associated with it. In case of business of an eco-lodge there are high risk that are involved due to the fact that guest can misuse the quality of service. From the perspective of business, it is important for the management of Spicy Villa to properly identify the cause of the risk that can damage their reputation in the market. The main strength of business of an eco-lodge is the healthy and environment friendly atmosphere that is being provided the guest. However it is also important to note that high level of maintenance is required in order to ensure that no harm is being done to the environment. There are high amount of risk of environmental degradation that can occur due to the construction work of the Eco lodge. Hence, in those cases, it is not possible for the customers to experience the high quality of eco-friendly service that is an important part of the customer attraction for all the eco lodges. The health level of the customers can also be compromised as there can be the risk of infectious disease that can be spread from various parasites of the forest areas. There also the risks of damaging the local biodiversity, which is also one the main attractive point of visit for all the customers. Marketing Mix Elements The elements of the market mix are considered to be one of the most important parts of the marketing plan of a business organization. The 4Ps elements are the key components that help in the overall process of dealing with the needs of the customer and also provide them with collect information related to the features of product and service. Product: the product or service is a primary element of marketing mix that helps to satisfy the needs of the customer. In case of Spicy Villa the service that is provided is of Eco lodge and eco-friendly tourism. This type of service will help to attract all the natural ever tourist and environment conscious people. Price: the pricing of the service or product that is being sold by a business organisation is an important part of the marketing policy that can help to attract all the potential customers (Huang Sarigll, 2014). Hot spicy Villa it is important for them to keep the pricing of the service in the higher category so that they do not have to compromise on the quality of service and also providing healthy environment to the entire tourist. Moreover high amount of cost is required in order to maintain the environment friendly atmosphere and also ensure that minimum amount of harm is being done in the local forest ecosystem. Place: The place of the business is also an important aspect of marketing plan which can help an organisation to develop their plan according to the needs of the people of a local region (Rahmani et al., 2015). The spicy Villa Resort is located in one of the most popular tourist destination of Thailand and hence it is possible for them to attract all the people from all around the globe. The location of the resort can also easily be availed from all the major airports of Thailand. Promotion: the policy is related to promotion of the hotel service is also an important aspect of marketing for spicy Villa that helps them to raise their popularity among the nature and environment lover people. Proper way of promotional campaign with the help of digital and social media marketing can effectively use by spicy Villa in order to increase their brand awareness among all potential customers. It is also important for them to create community in order to spread the information about the importance of protecting environment while visiting a popular tourist destination. Recommendations It is important for all business organisations to properly evaluate the risks that are involved in the overall process of business with the help of properties assessment techniques and also predicting the future condition of business (Leonidou et al., 2016). Hence it is important for the spicy Villa to ensure that all the risk of environmental Degradation that is related with construction work of resort is minimised. The management of the resort also needs to consult with the environment department of Thailand in order to make proper planning and evaluation techniques. It is also important in this context for the Eco space Resort to get proper permission from the environment department and also ensure that they use on eco-friendly materials in the construction work and also in providing various Services within the hotel (Chen Tung, 2016). There are also many waste products that are involved with the overall activities in the hotel. Hence, in this context it is important for the spicy Villa to have proper waste management techniques that will ensure that all the harmful waste are not directly exposed in the environment that can have the risk of degrading the local ecosystem. It is also important for the hotel management to raise the level of awareness among all the guests, which will ensure that they do not misuse the quality of service. Reflection As more number of people is becoming conscious about the harmful effect of Environment Degradation the business of Eco Friendly tourism and eco-lodges have excellent business opportunity in the recent times. However I think it is also important for this service industry to understand the need of Environmental Protection and also raise the awareness among the people. In my opinion the business plan and marketing evaluation techniques that are used by the eco-friendly tourism department is an important part to attract all potential target customers. Reference Baker, M. A., Davis, E. A., Weaver, P. A. (2014). Eco-friendly attitudes, barriers to participation, and differences in behavior at green hotels. Cornell Hospitality Quarterly, 55(1), 89-99. Chen, M. F., Tung, P. J. (2014). Developing an extended theory of planned behavior model to predict consumers intention to visit green hotels. International journal of hospitality management, 36, 221-230. Fernandez, A., Garcia, D. F. (2016, August). Complex vs. simple asset modeling approaches for information security risk assessment: Evaluation with MAGERIT methodology. In Innovative Computing Technology (INTECH), 2016 Sixth International Conference on (pp. 542-549). IEEE. Huang, R., Sarigll, E. (2014). How brand awareness relates to market outcome, brand equity, and the marketing mix. In Fashion Branding and Consumer Behaviors (pp. 113-132). Springer New York. Kotler, P., Keller, K. L., Manceau, D., Hmonnet-Goujot, A. (2015). Marketing management (Vol. 14). Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice Hall. Leonidou, L. C., Christodoulides, P., Thwaites, D. (2016). External Determinants and Financial Outcomes of an Eco?friendly Orientation in Smaller Manufacturing Firms. Journal of Small Business Management, 54(1), 5-25. Rahmani, K., Emamisaleh, K., Yadegari, R. (2015). Quality Function Deployment and New Product Development with a focus on Marketing Mix 4P mode